Introvert vs. Extrovert Personality: Which One Are You?
Science of People Team 12 min read
In This Article
Are you an introvert or an extrovert? Or might you be in a possible third category–ambivert? Quick explanation: Introverts: These deep thinkers find their...
Are you an introvert or an extrovert? Or might you be in a possible third category–ambivert? Quick explanation:
Introverts: These deep thinkers find their energy depleted by social interactions and need quiet time to refuel their internal batteries.
Extroverts: These people gain energy from being around others and often feel restless or bored when alone for too long.
Ambiverts: Individuals who can enjoy social time and solitude in equal measure, flexing their social muscles based on the situation. Want to learn more? Read all about ambiverts here.
10 Differences Between Introverts and Extroverts
Their brains produce dopamine differently
Extroverts may have a more sensitive brain reward system https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2013/07/brain-chemistry-plays-role-extroverts, according to researchers, which may explain why they like to socialize. They get a bigger hit of dopamine (aka the “feel-good” neurotransmitter) from their environment—this means they can feel super excited and motivated to go to a party.
Introverts, on the other hand, don’t respond the same way, meaning a little dopamine goes a long way. Too much external stimulation? That can lead to sensory overload and a desire to spend time alone. They may also feel nervous or uncomfortable before going out to a party.
Extroverts talk out loud; introverts think before talking
Extroverts often “talk to think.” They process information by verbalizing it, which can make them appear quick on their feet in conversations.
Introverts typically “think to talk.” They prefer to mull over ideas internally before expressing them, which can lead to more measured responses.
They store social energy differently
Extroverts are like solar panels—they soak up energy from their environment and interactions with others. The more social rays they absorb, the more charged up they feel!
Introverts, on the other hand, are more like batteries—they have internal power that drains with social interaction and needs to be recharged in solitude.
In fact, one study https://personality-project.org/revelle/syllabi/classreadings/fleeson.2002.pdf confirmed this and found that extroverts reported higher levels of positive affect and energy in social situations, while introverts showed no such increase.
Extroverts multitask; introverts deep focus
Extroverts often excel at juggling multiple tasks, especially in stimulating environments. They could be calculating finances, talking the latest gossip with their coworker, and checking their email all at the same time!
Introverts tend to prefer deep focus on one task at a time. They often dislike multitasking as well as they can feel overwhelmed or feel like they’re not contributing to one task enough.
Why the difference? Research (source) found that extroverts may have an advantage in multitasking scenarios due to their higher tolerance for external stimulation.
Their risk tolerances are different
One 2024 study found that higher extroversion is correlated with more risk-taking (as long as they’re also not higher in neuroticism).
Introverts, on the other hand, tend to be more risk-averse, preferring calculated moves.
Short vs. long-term memory differences
Extroverts often have stronger short-term memory for visual information. They’re great at remembering faces and details from recent social interactions.
Introverts tend to excel in long-term memory and semantic memory (general knowledge). They might forget what they had for breakfast, but they’ll remember that random fact from three years ago!
This difference might be due to arousal levels, according to research https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?doi=160ef703e2884d476ae18c2a65cb2501d497b432&repid=rep1&type=pdf —with introverts having higher levels of arousal, aiding in long-term memory, and extroverts with lower levels.
They deal with conflict differently
Extroverts might prefer to address conflicts head-on, in real-time. They’re the ones saying, “Let’s talk this out right now!”
Introverts typically need time to process conflicts internally before addressing them. They might say, “I need some time to think about this.”
Extroverts are more creative in groups; introverts are more creative alone
Extroverts often generate creative ideas through interaction and brainstorming. They’re at their most creative when bouncing ideas off others.
Introverts tend to have their best creative moments in solitude, allowing ideas to percolate in their minds before sharing them.
They make decisions differently
Research (source) shows that 50% of extroverts make snap decisions and quick decisions, while 79% of introverts rely on their intuition and inner feelings.
Why? Extroverts often make quicker decisions based on external input and gut feelings. This means they’re comfortable with on-the-spot choices and don’t mind being the one to make decisions.
Introverts typically prefer to gather information and reflect before making decisions. They might say, “Let me sleep on it.” They might even procrastinate making a big decision in order to gather as much data as possible beforehand.
They empathize differently
Extroverts often express empathy through active engagement and problem-solving. They’re the ones saying, “Let’s figure this out together!”
Introverts tend to show empathy through deep listening and emotional support. They’re more likely to say, “I’m here for you if you need to talk.”
Tips for Interacting with Introverts
Whether you’re an introvert yourself, you have a lot of introverted coworkers, or have introverted friends, here are some important tips to follow when communicating with introverts.
Respect the recharge
Introverts aren’t just being antisocial when they need alone time—it’s a biological necessity! Introverts have higher sensitivity to dopamine, meaning they can easily become overstimulated in social situations.
Action Step: Make sure there is an “introvert oasis” nearby. This could be a cozy reading nook, a quiet workspace, or even a “do not disturb” sign for their desk. If you’re out and about, you might want to choose a place that has low-sensory zones to allow them to de-stress. Respect this space and encourage others to do the same.
Pro Tip: If you’re planning a long social event, build in “recharge breaks” where introverts can step away for a few minutes of solitude.
Embrace the golden silence
Contrary to popular belief, silence in conversations isn’t always awkward, especially for introverts. Introverts tend to process information more thoroughly, which can lead to longer response times in conversations.
Try This: The “5-Second Rule” after asking a question. Silently count to five before speaking again. This gives introverts time to process and formulate their thoughts.
Example Scenario: You: “What do you think about the new project proposal?” (Resist the urge to give your opinion, and silently count: 1… 2… 3… 4… 5…) Introvert: “I think it has potential, but I’m concerned about the timeline…”
Pro Tip: Silence is a great communication tool. Want to learn about more effective ways of communication? Check out:
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Prioritize quality conversations over quantity
Introverts often prefer deeper, more meaningful conversations over small talk. Many introverts might even abhor the idea of talking about last week’s hockey game or the latest news on the block.
Conversation Depth Pyramid:
Deep
/ \
/ \
/ Meaningful \
/ Topics \
/----------------\
Small Talk
Strategy: You don’t have to dive right away into deep topics. Use the “Onion Approach” and start with outer layer topics that gradually peel back to more personal or complex subjects as the introvert becomes more comfortable.
Plan using advanced notice
Don’t pop by an introverts home or office. Try not to surprise call them. Always give them warning before interpersonal time.
And especially avoid, surprise parties. These might be fun for some, but for many introverts, they’re a recipe for anxiety. You might want to give some heads-up so the introvert has plenty of time to prepare mentally.
|--------------------|---------------------|----------------------|
2 Weeks Before 1 Week Before Day of Event
Send Invitation Provide Details Send Gentle Reminder
Bonus Tip: Include an “exit strategy” in your invitation. For example, “Feel free to leave whenever you’d like, as we don’t have a fixed end time.”
Tips for Interacting with Extroverts
Communicating with extroverts doesn’t have to seem like a hike uphill. Let’s dive into some helpful tips in communicating with extroverts, whether you’re an extrovert yourself or an introvert struggling to keep up.
It’s a numbers game
Extroverts thrive on social interaction, and it’s no secret that they often thrive in big groups and numerous social interactions. Ask an extrovert how many people they’d like at a party, and usually their number is in the dozens or hundred+.
Action Step: Want to make an extrovert happy? Prioritize regular group activities that stimulate conversation and give them plenty of opportunity to meet new people.
Here are some ideas:
- Trivia night
- Book club
- Potluck dinner
- Volunteer day
- Game night
- Hiking trip
Use the “Yes, and…” technique
Extroverts often excel at thinking on their feet. What they say might be just a random idea in their head, and if you want to get on an extrovert’s good side, it might be best to run with that idea.
Try This: The “Yes, And…” Technique. Borrowed from improv comedy, this technique involves accepting what the other person has said and building on it.
Example Dialogue: Extrovert: “I’ve been thinking about taking up skydiving!” You: “Yes, and that could be an amazing way to conquer fears. Have you considered other adrenaline-pumping activities too?”
Use positive reinforcement
Extroverts often draw energy from external validation. Research even suggests that extroverts are more sensitive to social rewards than introverts.
When giving positive reinforcement, keep in mind these 3 things:
- 1. Specific Observation
- 2. Impact Statement
- 3. Personal Appreciation
Example: “Your presentation was incredibly engaging (1). It really got the team excited about the new project (2). I always look forward to your innovative ideas (3).”
Create an engaging environment
Extroverts typically have a higher threshold for stimulation. What might be stimulating for an introvert might make an extrovert feel bored.
Environmental Engagement Scale:
Low Stimulation |-------|-------|-------|-------| High Stimulation
Quiet Soft Lively Busy Energetic
Room Music Cafe Office Party
Strategy: When working with extroverts, consider background music or choosing a bustling cafe for meetings instead of a quiet office.
Bonus Tip: Extroverts can be great at energizing a room, but they need to recharge, too. Be mindful of potential burnout and offer support when needed. A simple “You’ve been the life of the party all night. Need a breather?” can go a long way.
Introvert vs. Extrovert Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What are the main differences between introverts and extroverts?
Introverts and extroverts differ in how they process dopamine, their social energy storage, conflict resolution styles, and creative processes. Introverts thrive in low-stimulation environments and need alone time to recharge, while extroverts gain energy from social interactions and external stimuli.
How do introverts and extroverts process dopamine differently?
Extroverts have a more sensitive brain reward system, making them more responsive to dopamine, which fuels their excitement in social settings. Introverts, however, can become overstimulated by too much dopamine, leading to a preference for quieter environments.
Why do extroverts talk out loud while introverts think before talking?
Extroverts “talk to think” and process information by verbalizing it, making them quick conversationalists. Introverts “think to talk,” preferring to mull over ideas internally before speaking, leading to more measured responses.
How do introverts and extroverts store social energy differently?
Extroverts gain energy from interacting with others, similar to solar panels soaking up sunlight. Introverts, like batteries, have internal energy that depletes with social interaction and needs recharging through solitude.
Why are extroverts better at multitasking while introverts excel at deep focus?
Extroverts have a higher tolerance for external stimulation, allowing them to juggle multiple tasks effectively. Introverts prefer focusing on one task at a time, as multitasking can overwhelm them and reduce their productivity.
How do introverts and extroverts differ in risk-taking?
Extroverts are generally more inclined to take risks, driven by their higher sensitivity to external stimuli. Introverts are more cautious, preferring calculated and well-thought-out decisions to minimize potential negative outcomes.
What are the memory differences between introverts and extroverts?
Extroverts often have stronger short-term memory for visual information, excelling in remembering faces and recent social details. Introverts tend to have better long-term and semantic memory, retaining general knowledge and information over extended periods.
How do introverts and extroverts handle conflict?
Extroverts prefer addressing conflicts directly and in real-time, aiming for immediate resolution. Introverts need time to process conflicts internally before discussing them, leading to more thoughtful and deliberate conflict resolution.
Why are extroverts more creative in groups and introverts more creative alone?
Extroverts generate creative ideas through interaction and brainstorming with others, thriving in collaborative environments. Introverts have their best creative moments in solitude, allowing ideas to develop fully before sharing.
How do introverts and extroverts make decisions differently?
Extroverts often make quick decisions based on external input and gut feelings, comfortable with on-the-spot choices. Introverts gather information and reflect before deciding, preferring to take their time to ensure well-informed decisions.
What’s Your Personality Type?
Now that you know the differences between introverts and extroverts, go forth and use your newfound knowledge and apply them to real people!
Remember, keep these key differences in mind:
- Dopamine Response: Extroverts have a more sensitive brain reward system, responding strongly to dopamine and thriving in social settings. Introverts, however, can become overstimulated with too much dopamine, preferring quieter environments to avoid sensory overload.
- Social Energy: Extroverts gain energy from social interactions, much like solar panels soaking up sunlight, which invigorates them. Introverts, resembling batteries, expend energy in social settings and need alone time to recharge.
- Conflict Resolution: Extroverts tackle conflicts head-on and seek immediate resolution through discussion. In contrast, introverts require time to process conflicts internally before addressing them, leading to more thoughtful responses.
- Creativity and Focus: Extroverts excel in multitasking and generate creative ideas through group interactions and brainstorming. Introverts, on the other hand, prefer deep focus on single tasks and often have their most creative moments in solitude.
- Decision-Making: Extroverts make quick, on-the-spot decisions based on external inputs and gut feelings. Introverts take their time, gathering information and reflecting to ensure well-informed choices.
Want to learn more about personality traits and how toxic ones influence behavior? Check out our article: 41 Toxic Personality Traits To Spot in Yourself And Others.